Essay on Graduation Speech - 830 Words

Good evening parents, teachers, honored guests and soon to be graduates. My name is Ed Burrower, Im the senior class president. A few weeks ago, I was told that I would be speaking at graduation. I was asked to put together a speech for tonight -- Ive become experienced at speech writing over the past couple of weeks. The speech that you are hearing is the fourth one Ive written, the recycle bin needs to be emptied at home and I need a new highlighter. Thank you, Mr. Mier, you get an A+ for your help as my speech teacher but an F for saving trees. Tonight Id like to talk to three groups of people. Id like to talk to the teachers here at Batman High School, to the students leaving Batman and to the parents of those students†¦show more content†¦Thanks, Master Chief. Finally Id like to direct the rest of my speech to my fellow classmates. Wow, were graduating. Thats quite an accomplishment in my opinion. Im mixed with emotions tonight, part of me is sad to leave -- its been fun. What kind of place can you give a speech in the morning, do some calculus, have some greasy pizza for lunch, and wrap the day up with ceramics? How can that not be fun? But that is now becoming a memory. I realize theres something more, life after high school. Today, tonight, this moment, I feel an excitement deep within me, I want to spread my wings and fly. I want to decide when to make my bed; I want to see if jeans really can stand in a corner; I want to get up late, grab a shirt and not iron it. Mom, you know what I mean. Youll all notice my robe, its pressed. Ironing is a required skill at my house. At the age of five I could out wash, fold and iron all the neighbor kids clothes. My mom said I had a special gift. Thirteen years ago, I headed off to Mooney Elementary -- 12 years ago if I dont count kindergarten -- and tonight Im told by many that Ive finished. But do we ever really finish? I dont think so. High school may have ended, but the learning, thats just begun. The future holds tremendous promise, but only if we are willing to go out there and get it. Everyone can be a success if they want to. No one can hold youShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : My Graduation Essay1022 Words   |  5 Pages My Graduation A Graduation ceremony is one of the major steps in life, it marks the start of new changes in our lives. It ushers us into growing up and be responsible for our actions. It marks a new dawn of embracing life experiences, cultivation of good work ethics and eventually culminates in chasing our dreams. On my graduation day, I woke up to the sweet aroma of the breakfast my sister was making. I sat down to eat when the food was ready. It took me about 2 hours to finishRead MoreGraduation Speech1128 Words   |  5 PagesSasenarine Tomby Graduation Speech 2011 Good afternoon [name of members of the head table], teachers, parents, students, fellow graduates and distinguished guests. I must first and foremost thank God for this blessing and honor to stand before you today as Valedictorian of the Class of 2011. Yet, today is not only my day to shine. Every graduate present here is deserving of high praise and recognition and I would like to congratulate each of you on reaching this milestone in life. IRead MoreGraduation Speech650 Words   |  3 PagesCongratulations everyone, congratulations. If youre participating in this graduation ceremony, youve taken the next step toward your future goals and dreams. For those of you that just finished your transfer degrees, congratulations. To those of you that came back to school after a few years off to get a better education, congratulations. To those of you that came to get a certificate or learn IT or computer programming so you can get a better job, congratulations. Now that youre moving onRead More Graduation Speech Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesLadies, gentlemen, parents, friends, family, staff, fellow students: Instead of taking up more time and reading my speech, it is available to you at http://www.olen’s_speech.com. Thank you. No, just kidding. But seriously folks... Today we are gathered here to celebrate our graduation from 12 long years of schooling. The education granted to us has been a privilege. One so graciously given to us by the citizens of our state, by our community, and by our parents. Today would not beRead More Graduation Speech Essay1009 Words   |  5 Pagesyou might ever sit through. Most of us, though, and I regret that I am in this group, will sit through many more ceremonies -- ceremonies longer and more tedious that this or anything else you can imagine. If you think this is bad, try a college graduation. Think, that is, attend a wedding. And, if just for a moment you think that that is bad, just be thankful you have never attended or will attend a Bar Mitzvah. The only ceremony I think anybody would truly enjoy attending is a funeral. But, onlyRead MoreAn Example of a Graduation Speech653 Words   |  3 Pageswriting papers, doing homework, taking an occasional pop quiz, and of course taking countless exams, it is that time that we all anticipate†¦Graduation! Purpose Statement: Since the majority of us are seniors, and graduation is a little less than a month away, I am going to provide you with some historical background information and some fun facts about graduation in order to make the occasion even more meaningful than it already is. Road Map: Most of you could probably agree that high school wasRead More Graduation Speech Essay1516 Words   |  7 Pagesstudy abroad, and with the great help of the Turner family, Ms. Joy Fitzpatrick who is the international student program coordinator, and my parents, I entered America as an international student on March 11, 2001, only one week after my high school graduation in Japan. It seems as though yesterday when I saw my host mom crying at the airport to see me landed to America safely, as if she were welcoming back her own daughter. I still recall the very first class I took. I was so scared and nervous thatRead More Graduation Speech Essay1115 Words   |  5 Pagesthis graduation speech, several people suggested including a profound quote offering â€Å"encouraging advice to the young graduates†, and then there were others who said, â€Å"eh don’t worry about it, no one listens to those anyway.† Fortunately, I was actually able to take from both suggestions and found a happy balance. You see, I won’t tell you today to: â€Å"Dare to dream† or â€Å"Find your own vision† or even to â€Å"Strive for excellence,† or any trite clichà © that’s ever been said in a graduation speech. SoRead More Graduation Speech Essay560 Words   |  3 PagesWhen they were trying to find someone to give this speech they first asked the most intelligent, smart person they could find. But she turned them down. So then they asked the most beautiful, lovely, attractive person they could find. She also turned them down. Next they asked the nicest, sweetest, kindest, most sincere person they could find. Then I decided it would be rude to turn them down three times in a row, so here I am. How many people here like tomato soup? Come on, raise your hand ifRead More Graduation Speech Essay881 Words   |  4 PagesAre you ready for the real world? Will I am ready, and I want to help you out. ... I want to pump you up! Tonight marks a turning point in our lives as young adults. This milestone of graduating with a high school education has come at last. And yet, knowledge does not exist solely in scholarly facts, but more so in the relationships and friendships that we have forged along the way. Albert Schweitzer once said, At times our own light goes out and is rekindled by a spark from another person. Each

Morocco a developing country Free Essays

Developing countries are countries with non- or undeveloped industrial base, low living standards, and low HDI (Human Development Index) compared to developed countries like the United States and the European Union countries. Morocco is a good example of a typical developing country. It has an undeveloped industrial base, low living standards, and a low HDI. We will write a custom essay sample on Morocco a developing country or any similar topic only for you Order Now In fact, Morocco is ranked at the 130th place over 185 member states of the UN in 2013. Also, according to the United Nations Development Program, Morocco has a medium human development. The reasons that make Morocco a developing country are numerous. Actually, the three main reasons that make the Cheriflan Kingdom a developing country are: French colonialism, low standards of social programs, and absence of human rights. Firstly, Morocco is a developing country because of its historical roots. Indeed, one of the main reasons that make Morocco a developing country is the French Protectorate. The French Protectorate, or the French colonialism, worsened the situation in Morocco since its establishment in 1912 until the Independence in 1956. The French and some Moroccan elite constituted by bourgeois Fassis and Rbatis took the biggest part of cake. This French-Moroccan oligarchy took share of the biggest and most lucrative businesses in Morocco such as agriculture, banks and insurance, industry, and politics. This situation made the rich richer and the poor poorer. Until nowadays, we still notice than the nerve of Morocco, which is economics, is still held by noble and notoriously rich families. Thus, the distribution of wealth in Morocco is unbalanced as we observe that there are the rich, the poor, and a small entity that akes the middle class. In developed countries, middle classes are the ones that empower the economics and politics of a country. Take the example of Norway where a minister uses a bike or public transportation to get to his/her Job. We are not ready to see this anytime soon in Morocco. My argument, which is based on a historical basis, is that Morocco suffered and is still suffering from the French colonialism and that the Protectorate was mainly in advantage of France not of the majority of Moroccans, who were very poor in the first half of the twentieth century. Unfortunately, Morocco has a very low standard of social programs. Instead of taking the best part of the French colonialism, Morocco took by large the bad side of the French system: one of the most tangible consequences of the French presence in Morocco is the cultural alienation. However, Morocco did not take advantage of some aspects of the French system such as the Social Security. Indeed, the French Social Security is a program made by diverse organizations that take care of citizens in four contexts: illness, old age, family, and accident. In Morocco, there is no such system. Unless you are working in the state owned sector or in a good private company, you don’t have access to the Social Security. Morocco has only organizations such as CNOPS, CNSS, or private insurance and banking companies that have a backup role in case of unfortunate happening. This is a major factor that does not make Morocco a developed country, but a developing one. Finally, Morocco has a long standing reputation of non respecting human rights. Right atter the French colonialism, King Hassan 2 came to power and starts to use repressive techniques to dissuade some zealous intellectuals. Fortunately, with the present of the contemporary King Mohamed 6, the situation is getting better especially with the instauration of the Equity and Reconciliation Commission. One of the most important criteria of a developed country is to respect human rights and maintain freedom for every citizen. Unfortunately, Morocco is not very good in that topic. We still have abuse of power, corrupted politicians, civil servants, and forces of security servants. Consequently, Morocco still has a long path to follow until it reaches a full status of democracy and becomes a developed country. To sum up, Morocco should have Scandinavian countries as role models since they are truly the perfect example of developed and modern nations. All the four Nordic countries (Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Finland) suffered from the WW II but have reborn from their ashes like a phoenix. Morocco has never been involved in a major bloody war but still suffers from the presence of a soft power called Protectorate. As a country with a promising young population, we should be more open to the world, be working harder, pragmatic, and more tolerant to achieve the status of a developed country. How to cite Morocco a developing country, Papers

Christmas Time at My Grandmothers House Essay Example For Students

Christmas Time at My Grandmothers House Essay It was that time of year again, Christmas. It has always been the time of year where hearts grow fonder and happiness was in a pure form. You always knew Christmas was near because the fresh outdoors had an aura of joy with the smell of pine scents and cinnamon, as well as the sound of beautiful jingle-bells ringin, RING-RING-RING. The Christmas memories at Grandmas house were always unforgettable. Christmas Eve was usually the day mother prepared pumpkin pie, which eventually was taken to Grandmas house for the festivities on Christmas day. You always knew when Mother began to prepare her special pie because the whole house was filled with the warm sweet aroma of nutmeg and cinnamon. The pies were a dull yet vibrant shade of orange and it was round in shape; the crust of the pie had a golden brown color with a crumbly texture. The taste was rich while unexplainable, the pie had an earthy yet sweet taste to it. One bite alone tasted like a heavenly explosion of happiness in my mouth. After Mother finished baking the pie, we bundled up in winter attire and headed to Grandmas house. The journey to Grandmas house was always exciting, my parents and I always enjoyed seeing the white snow shimmering on the ground like crystalline diamonds. Before the drive to Grandmas wed always make snow angels in the teeth-chattering snow for fun. Although beautiful, the snow was so cold it felt like it was biting at our fingers with sharp icy teeth which meant it was time to go. It was always exciting arriving to Grandmas because I always thought she had the best Christmas dÃÆ'Â ©cor in the neighborhood. As we pulled into the chiseled and icy driveway, you couldnt help but notice the lights. The house was huge and made of gray-ish aluminum siding, it was draped in lights ranging in colors from white, red, and green. There were lights everywhere, they wrapped around the railings of the porch, the thick trunk of a naked tree, and traced outside the windows and front door of the house. It always looked magical. As soon as you walked into Grandmas house the first thing you would notice besides the loud and jolly Christmas music, was the tall, green, and luminous Christmas tree. The tree was like the centerpiece of a table. It automatically caught your eye. The tree smelled like fresh pine and was a little spiky due to the strong, thick, and green pine needles. It was decorated in glistening silver and blue ornaments that varied in different shapes and sizes and topped with a sparkly sequined silver ribbon; it was also dressed in white glossy chasing lights. The best thing to see were the presents surrounding the tree. All the presents were wrapped in shiny bright decorative gift wraps in a spectrum of colors and prints and then topped with smooth coiled shiny ribbons. I always felt the most excitement when I rushed to put on my new pajamas that were specifically for Christmas, so that I could go frost the warm and soft batch of fluffy sugar cookies for Santa to eat. After setting out the cookies and warm milk on the black hard surfaced counter, I would rush up the stairs to fall asleep for the excitement of opening presents on Christmas morning. Christmas was always best at Grandmas.

Political Violence Essays - Crime, Psychiatric Diagnosis

Political Violence Political violence is like a festering wound, in that, without the aid of antibiotics the wound has the potential to depress the immune system and eventually overwhelm the individual, leading to death. In this analogy, antibiotics could represent forces that are always looking for the rogue virus's bent on the destruction of the whole body (society). I often wonder why people resort to violence, of any kind, to solve a particular problem. Questions can be asked of the individual(s) involved in carrying out the attacks, but the questions never seem to be answered in a way that will show why violence is needed to resolve conflict. Rather, excuses are rendered in the hopes that by the logic used in explaining why conflict must be resolved, this will justify the actions. This leads, though, to a sort of circular argument. For example, in the case of Saddam Hussein (put aside the fact that he is the president of a nation) is an idiot. Why exactly he felt it was justifiable to invade a country, who at the time had an OK relationship with the United States, and then think the US and/or other countries would allow him to forcibly occupy that country. Whatever his logic, his actions were not justifiable. I believe his logic was as follows: Something happened to his country (economically, socially, politically etc.) that he did not like or want to happen. Hussein decided to adopt the "eye-for-an-eye" approach to conflict resolution. Except he changed the rules and instead of responding in a like manner consistent with "eye-for-an-eye", he went over board with his reaction. He forcibly invaded a country. I use the Persian Gulf War as a recent example of reasons for why people resolve conflict not through peaceful means but through violent actions. Iraq is not the only country in the system to use this type of logic when tackling an issue that is perceived to have only one avenue of approach to resolution: war. It seems that every, or nearly every, state in the world will resort to brute force to make a point. This then begs the question of, why? I will explore some of the popular assumptions for why people act as they do and try to come to some sort of agreement which we may all universally agree upon. Sederberg explains four of the most popular explanations for violence and revolution and points out some of the flaws in the arguments. The first explanation I will talk about is the "Killer Ape Thesis", which basically states that humans are biologically programmed toward violence and that because we are programmed in this way, this is an explanation for the cause of violence. Sederberg also points out that certain questions need to be answered before anything else can be argued, such as "what causes discontent?" In the killer ape thesis discontent is a moot point. If we are in fact programmed toward violence than discontent should not be an issue. To say that hereditary genes toward violence are passed from one generation to another is to say we have no choice in the matter of violence. We would, simply, all be vicious killers with no way of not being otherwise. Discontent, however, is something humans can turn on and off, like anger, sadness, or happiness. The killer ape thesis is great in explaining violence but not in explaining "the inclination toward violent expression" (Sederberg 102). Clearly, biological factors do not incline us towards violence, but the "Cherry Pie Thesis" does in some way explain why we are violent. Sederberg describes the cherry pie thesis as one where biology or heredity may play no part in trying to explain why humans are prone to violence. He says that we are violent because of our culture. That is, we are violent because of, say, where we live or the era in which we grew up or the economic status we hold. This thesis though, like the killer ape thesis, is circular in its logic. Society may cause discontent among citizens but only with respect to history. For example, England and Ireland have been at war with each other for some time now; each fights the other because of some injustice. This injustice occurred in the past so it will occur in the future; again, as in the killer ape thesis, there is circularity of thought in what causes violence. The cherry pie thesis does, however, explain the question of "what inclines the discontented to violent expression?" People are not happy; why, who knows.

American citizenship essays

American citizenship essays What does American citizenship mean to you? Most Americans consider them selves to be the luckiest people in the world and I completely agree. America is one of the few countries who can hold an election and not start a civil war, though a civil war has occurred in the past. Americans are free to vote with out worrying about being attacked or blown up by car bombs. Racism and sexism occurs in many countries but in America neither, racism or sexism is acceptable. Elections all around the world are threatened by terrorist groups, especially in the Middle East. In Iraqis recent election suicide bombers occurred more frequently and the Iraqi people were in danger by just voting. American citizens take voting for granted. The American people are allowed to even judge the voting system in their government with out being threatened or beaten. America has a system of government which protects its citizens and that's why America is one of the greatest countries to live in. Unlike many other countries, all races are supposed to be equal in America. Though racism does occur, the American government does not support the practice. Individuals in America do discriminate but in other countries, their government supports the practice. African Americans are still slaves in some parts of the world. Here African Americans are treated equally, just like every body else. Its not only African American people who are discriminated against. Jewish, Asian, Arabian and Mexican people are discriminated against in various places. Different races arent hired for jobs simply because of their color. The American government does not allow employers to judge based on a candidates color or race. The United States has evolved from our former primitive self and now that were a more sophisticated government we do not allow such discrimination as racism. This is another reason why Im very proud to be an American citizen. ...

Passive Voice vs. Active Voice FINALLY Understand the Difference

Passive Voice vs. Active Voice FINALLY Understand the Difference Passive Voice vs. Active Voice: FINALLY Understand the Difference When you look over the following sentences, can you identify the ones written in passive voice and the ones using active voice?The blog post was being published by Reedsy.Reedsy had published the blog post.The blog post is published by Reedsy.The blog post will be published by Reedsy.If you answered: â€Å"The only active sentence is ‘b’† - you are correct! The other three sentences were written using passive voice (and so was this one).This post will show you exactly how to spot passive voice, how to fix it - and also when using passive voice is a-okay! Passive voice vs. active voice: check out the ultimate grammatical showdown here! What is passive voice?A sentence written with passive voice puts emphasis on the person or thing that experiences the action, instead of the person or thing driving the action.For example, consider this line from Douglas Adams’ The Restaurant At The End Of The Universe:â€Å"In the beginning the Universe was created.†The subject of the sentence is â€Å"the Universe.† The action of the sentence is â€Å"created.† Because the subject is receiving the action (the creation is happening to the Universe), this is a passive sentence.Passive sentences are comprised of the auxiliary verb ‘to be’ and the past tense of the main verb. For example:â€Å"Am / Are / Is† + past verb tense - The dog is walked by his owner. â€Å"Am / Are / Is being† + past verb tense - The dogs are being walked by their owners. â€Å"Was / Were† + past verb tense - The dog was walked by his owner. â€Å"Was / Were being† + past verb tense - The dogs were being walked by their owners. â€Å"Will be† + past verb tense - The dog will be walked by its owner. â€Å"Will have been† + past verb tense - The dog will have been walked by its owner. â€Å"Have / Has been† + past verb tense - The dog has been walked by its owner. â€Å"Had been† + past verb tense sThe following sentences all feature the action happening to the subject.â€Å"He was born with a gift of laughter and a sense that the world was made.† - Scaramouche: A Romance Of The French Revolution by Rafael Sabatini (The action â€Å"was born† is happening to the subject â€Å"he.†)â€Å"Scarlet O'Hara was not beautiful, but men seldom realized it when caught by her charm as the Tarleton twins were.† - Gone With The Wind by Margaret Mitchell (The action â€Å"caught by her charm† is happening to a subject â€Å"the Tarleton twins.†)â€Å"When he was nearly thirteen, my brother Jem got his arm badly broken at the elbow.†Ã‚  -   To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee (The action â€Å"got his arm badly broken† is happening to the subject â€Å"Jem.†)â€Å"When Gregor Samsa woke up one morning from unsettling dreams, he found himself changed in his bed into a monstrous vermin.† - The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka (The second part of this sentence sees the action â€Å"changed into a monstrous vermin† happening to subject â€Å"Gregor Samsa.†)What is active voice?Active voice is a sentence or clause that puts emphasis on the person or thing that drives the action, instead of the person or thing experiencing the action.Think of the opening line from George Orwell’s 1984:â€Å"It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen.†The subject of the sentence is â€Å"the clocks.† The action of the sentence is â€Å"striking.† Because the subject is driving the action (the clocks are doing the striking), this is an active sentence.Check out further instances of active voice at play in the following examples.Active voice examplesThe following sentences all feature the subject enacting some kind of action.â€Å"It was the day my grandmother exploded.† - The Crow Road by Iain M. Banks (The subject â€Å"grandmother† is doing the action â€Å"exploded†).â€Å"Mother died today.† - The Stranger by Albert Kamus (The subject â€Å"mother† is doing the action â€Å"died.†)â€Å"I write this sitting at the kitchen sink.† - I Capture the Castle by Dodie Smith (The subject â€Å"I† is doing the action â€Å"write† and â€Å"sitting.†)â€Å"You know, at one time, I used to break into pet shops to liberate the canaries.† - Harold and Maud by Colin Higgins (The subject â€Å"I† is doing the action â€Å"break into pet shops† and â€Å"liberate the canaries.†)Active vs passive voice: why is one considered better than the other?It’s not a big secret in the world of grammar that passive voice is often considered as bad form. Supposedly, active voice produces   stronger, more direct sentences that make your writing feel - surprise, surprise - more active.But is passive voice actually grammatically incorrect? Nope! There are definitely times when using the passive voice can enhance a statement’s clarity.When to use passive voiceIf you are writing something that requires objectivity, like a research paper, passive voice can be your friend: It allows you to more easily avoid personal pronouns and to present information in a that sounds unbiased.Or maybe you want to leave the perpetrator behind the action unclear. If the action itself or the thing/person receiving the action is more significant than the p erpetrator, place emphasis on either of those elements by writing a short passive sentence, leaving the driving force of the action out.For example, if you write: â€Å"The woman was sentenced to five years in jail† - the emphasis here is on the fact that the woman has received a sentence of jail. If you were to write: â€Å"The judge sentenced the woman to five years in jail† - the emphasis here is on the judge’s ruling instead.As you can see, passive voice isn’t something you need to avoid at all costs: There are times when it’s the right choice. However, if you’re writing something meant to invite readers in - like a novel, for example - then relying too heavily on passive voice can result in writing that feels a little flat and loses a reader’s interest.To avoid that, let’s take a look at how you can fix the use of passive voice in instances where active will serve you better.How to fix passive voice in 2 easy stepsTo s how you the two fool-proof steps to fixing passive voice, we’ll use the following passive sentence as an example: â€Å"The dress was being made by the tailor.†1. Remove the auxiliary verbAs mentioned, passive sentences often contain some form of the auxiliary verb â€Å"to be.† In this example, the auxiliary verb is â€Å"was being.†Quick note: Not all passive sentences contain an auxiliary verb. For instance, â€Å"The dress was made by the tailor† is still passive, even though it doesn’t contain any tense of â€Å"to be† (in this example, â€Å"was being.†)Take the auxiliary verb out and the sentence becomes:The dress was made by the tailor.But this is still passive, so the next step is to...2. Change the subject of the sentenceThe subject is currently â€Å"the dress† because the action in this sentence is happening to it (â€Å"the dress is being made.†) The subject of this sentence can be changed by attribut ing the action to the person performing it - in this case, the tailor. The sentence now becomes:The tailor made the dress.Congratulations! The subject is now the action-performer, meaning this sentence is now active!Let’s put these two steps into action, and change a few more passive sentences into active ones.Passive: The dinner was cooked by the chef. Active: The chef cooked dinner.Passive: The flowers were being planted by the gardener. Active: The gardener was planting the flowers.Passive: I had been interviewed by the manager. Active: The manager interviewed me.Passive: The students had been graded by the teacher. Active: The teacher was grading the students.Passive: The book was written by the author. Active: The author wrote the book.Passive: The house is being built by the construction workers. Active: The construction workers are building the house. Passive voice vs. active voice: finally understand the difference for once and for all! We hope we’ve helped you understand how to identify and fix passive voice! If you feel like you could still use a hand, you can also turn to automatic passive voice checkers, such as Hemingway, Passive Voice Detector, Analyze My Writing - which are all free and web-based. Simply copy and paste the writing you want to check, and the tool will highlight instances of passive voice for you.How do you feel about the â€Å"active voice is better than passive voice† rule? Leave any thoughts or questions in the comments below!

ECT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ECT - Assignment Example These attacks interrupt a message between two segments of a system by inserting themselves as malicious actors who then impersonates both parties to gain access to information that the two parties are exchanging (Strebe 25). Prevention from MITM attacks include using PKI or public Key Infrastructure, reinforced mutual authentication like secret keys, second channel authentication, and reinforced encryption. Involves ensuring that one’s computer is protected against possibly lethal materials or suspicious software obtained online. Browser security is obtained through simple security tips like deletion of spam, use of password, using firewall, and only opening email attachments deemed safe. DLP is crucial way of protecting susceptible information or data via messaging, endpoints, and web gateways. Effective implementation of DLP involves proactive identification, tracking, and securing sensitive organizational data from all vulnerable points within the organization with little or no effect on employees’ routine and output. I would apply snort in my organization but only on condition that the primary organizational antivirus as a threat or untrusted programs does not perceive it (Strebe 136). The advantage is that all employees will have their computers protected from intrusion on real time basis. Additionally, the administrator can use the traffic analysis and packet logs to trace any intrusion issues on each user’s computer. SYN flood presents attacks that deny services by dominating immense server resources of host thereby preventing the system from being responsive to genuine interchange. Prevention techniques include firewalls and proxies, filtering, SYN cache and cookies, and elevated backlog amongst others. WiMax or Wireless Interoperability for Microwave Access is a convention for communication using set wireless networks with data transfer of up to 49 Mb/s. In data terminals and

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 12

Research Paper Example At the age of three Chang Emigrated to the United States of America. Before turning to the full time writing career, Lee was the financial analyst of Wall Street. His first and the famous novel Native Speaker appeared in 1995, which won numerous Awards (Nguyen, 2012) The story of the Native Speaker rotates around the character named Henry Park. Park spends all his life to become a Native American, a true America. His Korean inheritance seems to float further and further away as the force of his adopted country continues to evade him. Harsh upbringing of Park back in Korea, has taught Park how to hide his emotions and how to remember everything he learns and the weirdest of all, how to feel an increasing sense of alienation. We can say in other words, that his Korean Heritage had taught him how to become a natural spy. But the only factor that assist him to shine in his profession put a tension to his American and rise in the approach of his coming to conditions with the death of his young son. When he is offered to spy on growing American-Korean politicians, he must find out that that the people are in his surroundings? This was the true test of his identity. He has to figure out the conflicts, which are prevailing within the political and ethnic sectors of New York (Kim, 2005). Henry Park, who is also the narrator, is an American-Korean immigrant. Explorations begin when the Henry’s Caucasian spouse leaves him. The novel Native Speaker is based in New York City. It takes place for the period of a time when black customers and American-Korean councilman boycotted the American market. The councilman was names as John Kwang. John was also a possible candidate for the post of mayor. Henry Park is employed to an investigative company of CIA –style. The Assignment which was offered to Henry by his company was to keep a check on John Kwang. Park does not know the purpose of investigation and who is paying for this investigation? He thinks

Care of a Patient in Acute Pain from a Total Knee Replacement Jahaira Melendez Essay Example for Free

Care of a Patient in Acute Pain from a Total Knee Replacement Jahaira Melendez Essay Nursing care after a total knee replacement is very essential in promoting a speedy and safe recovery for a patient. In an attempt to replicate the knee’s natural ability to roll and glide as it bends by cutting away damaged bone and cartilage and replacing it with an artificial joint, acute pain following the procedure can be unbearable. In assisting the patient in controlling the pain would only guarantee the best recovery possible. With pain control, the patient will be able to perform follow up care and exercises to the best of their ability and over 90% of patients who undergo a total knee replacement have good results with recovery and ability to resume performing normal daily activities and minimizing the risks of complications to the surgical site. Keywords: Pain management, encouragement, total knee replacement, arthritis, prosthetic Care of a Patient in Acute Pain from a Total Knee Replacement A common medical condition seen in many aspects of the medical field is arthritis. Arthritis is the inflammation of a joint and the most common type of arthritis is osteoarthritis, also known as wear and tear. Pain from any medical condition or procedure can be very stressful to a patient and inhibit any recovery. Arthritis can be diagnosed by performing an x-ray to determine the extent of joint damage. Someone with arthritis of the knee usually has difficulty walking, climbing stairs and getting in and out of chairs. An orthopedic physician can recommend interventions. The most common joint replacement surgical intervention to help control and alleviate chronic pain for a patient is a Total Knee Replacement, also known as arthroplasty. A total knee replacement is performed to relieve moderate or severe pain and restore function in severely diseased knee joints. This procedure is not performed until pain is no longer controlled with non-operative treatment such as weight loss, activity modification, anti-inflammatory medications, joint supplements and cortisone injections. It is also not performed frequently on younger patients due to the implant wearing out quickly. An orthopedic physician would determine the type of prosthetic needed in order to achieve the most success. There are also modified implants to provide the best possible functioning with long lasting results such as partial knee, rotating knee, gender specific knee and custom knee. To perform the procedure, an orthopedic surgeon would administer general anesthesia, which means one is unconscious during operation, or spinal or epidural anesthesia in which a person is awake but cannot feel any pain from the waist down. During the procedure, the knee is in a bent position to fully expose the joint surfaces. An incision of 6 to 10 inches (15-25cm) is made on the front of the knee. The kneecap is moved aside and damaged surfaces are cut away. The femur is cut to match the corresponding surface of the metal femoral component that is placed on the end of the femur and the tibia is prepared with a flat cut on top to fit the metal and plastic tibial component that is inserted into the bone so the femoral component will slide as the knee is bent. If needed, the patella is cut flat and fitted with a plastic patella component and plastic spacers are inserted between the metal components for smooth gliding. Prior to completion, the knee is tested during surgery to ensure correct sizing and then closed with stitches or staples. The procedure would take 1 to 2 hours and recovery would be another 1 to 2 hours and then require a hospital stay of a couple of days. During the hospital stay, encouragement to move the foot and ankle to increase blood flow and prevent swelling or clots and blood thinners, support hoses or compression boots are very important. A nurse should also encourage the patient to cough regularly and take deep breaths to promote the movement of mucus that settles in the lungs during the procedure while being under anesthesia. Caring for a patient in acute pain after a procedure and managing pain levels is a very important part of recovery. Without pain control a patient will not be able to achieve recovery levels as quickly as possible without causing other injuries. Acute pain is related to tissue injury secondary to the surgical intervention. Upon discharge, teaching on follow up care is very important. A patient needs to know what to do and what to watch for as part of their recovery. Vital discharge instructions that a patient must be taught are: * When allowed to shower, usually 3 to 4 days after surgery, carefully wash incision with soap and water, rinse well and gently pat dry. Do no rub or apply creams. * Sit when showering to avoid falls. Avoid soaking to prevent infections. Try using non-slip mats, grab bars and elevated toilet seat or shower chair to prevent falls. Take pain medications as directed, do not double up doses if any doses are missed and do not drive when taking narcotics, usually about 6 weeks before it is ok to drive. * If taking a blood thinner, always verify with physician if it is ok to take Ibuprofen or any anti-inflammatory medications * Always sit in chairs with arms to make it easier to stand or sit but only 30 to 45 minutes at a time. * Sleep with pillow under ankle and keep knee straight but change leg position at night and nap if tired but don’t stay in bed all day. Wear support stockings for about 4 to 6 weeks and do not pivot, twist or kneel. * Walk up and down stairs with support, one step at a time using good knee to step up and bad knee to step down. As a fall prevention, always remove loose wires, throw rugs and have good lighting and keep items within reach. * Before and after any activity, ice the area for 30 minutes. Most importantly, teaching about potential risks such as nerve damage, stroke, and heart attack, blood clots in leg vein or lungs or infection should really be emphasized when discussing discharge instructions. Signs of infection would include increased redness, tenderness, swelling and pain of surgical site, stiffness, and fever with temperatures above 100 degrees Fahrenheit, shaking chills and drainage from site. If any of these symptoms occur, a call to the physician should be made immediately. Recovery will take several weeks during which time crutches or a walker will be needed and arrangements for transportation and everyday tasks will have to be made. Physical activity should be resumed slowly with normal household activities, a graduated walking program and knee strengthening exercises until staples or stitches are removed 2 to 3 weeks after surgery. Low impact exercising such as swimming or riding a stationary bicycle is tolerable but high impact activities such as running are not recommended due to an increased risk of joint failure because the knee joint components can loosen. During recovery from the surgical intervention, a nurses care to help control acute pain for the patient is one of the most important factors in helping a patient fully recover without further complications. Walking and knee movement begins soon after surgery so less pain would benefit the patient to move sooner and get strength back quickly. Pain control can be done with the use of analgesic and non-analgesic relief measures and reporting uncontrolled symptoms immediately. A nurse can assist with pain management interventions such as: * Performing comprehensive assessment of pain to include location, characteristics, onset, duration, frequency, quality, intensity or severity and precipitating factors. Always consider cultural differences and in non-verbal patient use the analog pain scale to evaluate pain control measures required * Reducing or eliminating increasing pain factors like fear or lack of knowledge * Teaching non pharmacological techniques like relaxation, massage, guided imagery and distraction * Checking vitals every 4 hours and neurovascular checks every hour during the first 12 to 24 hours then every 2 to 4 hours and always report any abnormal findings * Providing prescribed analgesics before activity to increase participation and assessing levels of comfort frequently * Initiating physical therapy, exercises and range of motion while teaching and reinforcing the use of techniques to prevent weight bearing on affected extremity and recommending home health or a rehabilitation facility * Monitoring incision bleeding, emptying and recording drainage every 4 hours and changing dressing every 24 to 48 hours * Encouraging increased fluid intake and high fiber diet, stool softener and a well-balanced diet with increased protein * Encouraging use of compression stockings to decrease swelling. Nursing care of a patient is very crucial in order to help the patient avoid potential complications with the prosthetic. An infected knee would require surgery to remove artificial parts and antibiotics to kill the bacteria then after clearing the infection another surgery would be required to install a new prosthetic. A nurse’s role in recovery is very important in many aspects of the patient’s care and the nurse can encourage and support the patient in building the confidence that they are able to perform the necessary steps to gain the ability to restore normal functions. Most importantly, helping the patient keep pain levels under control by whatever measures are comfortable to the patient should be first in mind. Pain can be the main factor that would prevent a patient from doing any follow care or treatment they are required to do in order to keep the prosthetic functioning adequately. The patient should be able to rely on the nurse to keep them in a comfortable state with the assistance of keeping in communication with the physician and without this patient-nurse relationship the patient would not be able to recover properly and achieve goals set as part of their recovery treatment plan.

Essay --

There are advantages and disadvantages of experiencing childhood in the military. For instance, the effects of separations and reunions with families and friends. Many people report difficulty in identifying where they belong due to a lifestyle of constantly moving, being wrapped up in the military lifestyle as well as foreign cultures. Rather than the regular person society of their local terrains, while growing up numerous military families frequently feel like outcasts in association with the citizen society of their local grounds. Moving frequently can have unexpected benefits too, such as experiencing and appreciating the diversity in our world, making lots of new friends, and sometimes finding out where you belong or want to reside. The point when a kid has a challenging time conforming to another circumstance, if it’s a parent deploying or a move to another area, it can prompt uneasiness, misery and behavior issues. Some children might not have a behavioral disorder, but their behavioral problems cause these difficulties. Even infants and toddlers can experience difficulti...

Euripedes Essay

The beginnings of literature are sowed in myths. They reflect the preoccupations of the myths celebrate the primal human emotions like love, hate, sexual desires, reproduction and heroism, some others are equally horrendous dealing with some heinous crimes like murder and rape. No matter what aspect of life do they reflect it is their universality that makes them popular in different cultures and times? The myth of Inos is such an example. The legend of Inos dates back many centuries before Christ to ancient Rome and Greece. According to the legend, Inos, the daughter of Cadmus is married by Athama, King of pre historic Minyans in the ancient Boeotian city of Orchomenus. King Athama falls in love with the innocent beauty of Inos and neglects his own wife, Nephele, who disappears in anger. They have two sons, Laerchus and Melicertes . Inos also nurses Dionysus, thus incurs the wrath of Hera, the wife of Zeus. Inos is later driven mad and in her madness kills herself and her two sons. She is later worshipped by ancient Greeks as Leucothea, the White Goddess. The legend of Inos is found in different parts of world with slight variations. Euripides one of the great giants of Greek tragedy was perhaps the first who used the legend of Inos in his tragedy Medea, when he composed it in 480 B. C. His tragedy complemented to the myth of Inos so well it became more popularly known as the legend of Medea. While in love with Jason, Euripides’ Medea helps him steal the golden fleece from her father, King Aeechis of Colchis. Thus, betraying her own clan. She is later abandoned by her husband, who leaves her to marry Creusa, daughter of Creon, king of Corinth. In despair Medea kills herself and her two sons. She however, goes unpunished and escapes in the dragon chariot. She takes refuge with king Aegeus of Athens. She later marries Achilles in the underworld and becomes immortal. Medea therefore, becomes the heroin of the tragedy, whereas, its her husband who suffers for betraying his wife. The legend of Medea, represents the cultural conflicts, racism and gender prejudices working on the individual lives of the characters. The employment of these phenomena in the evolution and degeneration of the characters, makes the legend universal in its appeal. It is for this reason that even in the twentyfirst century, writers incorporated the myth in the modern characters as in Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys. Set between the characters of the Carribean and England, Wide Sargasso Sea emphsise the above mentioned phenomena working on its individual characters. The novel is written in the post modern post colonial settings. Immediately after the emancipation of the Carribean blacks. It narrates the story of Anoinette later renamed as Bertha, belonging to dominica, a city of British owned Jamaica. She is married to an English man. It is eventually this relationship that derives young and innocent Annoinette to a mad woman Bertha, who later on commits suicide. The story narrates how the cultural, racial and gender prejudices makes individuals vulnerable. The novel is often seen as an adaptation of Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre written in 1886, with the same story outline, however, the real source dates back to the legend of Medea or more precisely the myth of Inos. Like medea, she marries a foreigner, and is later exploited by him for her racial inferiority and gender bias. Euripedes’ medea is an enchantress. Her weakness as a woman is exposed when exploited by her husband. She, however, comes out as a resolute and vindictive person. She is portrayed as strong and completely in control of her self. Till the end when she kills her kids, she is contemplative and logically derives herself to commit their murder. Whereas, Rhys’s Bertha is doomed to her madness by the social as well as biological factors. The novel seems more of an approach that how the social factors catalyses the biological deseases. Her death, however, gives her the same triumph that Medea enjoyed over her husband. For Rochester, she remained his property even in her madness. He says towards the end, â€Å"even though she is mad, she is mine†. This possessiveness is given away by her through her death. Just as Medea escapes unpunished in a dragon chariot before her husband’s eyes. It is interesting to note that how a twentyfirst century african woman writer incorporates the same myth used by the Greek tragedian of fifth century Before Christ. A deeper study regarding the history of the myth will unfold that how the myth of Inos undergoes different versions through out centuries and claims its authority in various cultures. After Euripedes, Publius Ovidius Naso, the Roman poet of 49 B. C. used the story in his own work which influenced Lucius Anneus Seneca the famous Hispano- Roman tragedian of 4 century B. C. at Corduba (Cordoba). Scholars believe that Seneca might have brought the original legend of Inos to Spain thorugh his own intellectual influence. However, the inscriptions on the stones at Maikop, 56 miles east of the Black Sea near Colchis, reveal the story of Jason and his Argonauts. According to the legend of Medea, Jason and his Argonauts travel to Colchis and it is there that he meets Medea. It seemed through the amazing discovery, that the whole legend or some parts of the legend might be true. The pheonicians of the 12th to 8th centuries before Christ, then present at colchis a region of the Western Georgian Socialist Soviet Republics, are supposed to transport the legend to Spain later when they themselves settled in the Iberian peninsula. It is through Spain that the legend passed on to Africa and from there to America along with slave trade. It is exceptionally popular with the Afro- Americans, who imagine her to be in real, wandering in dark forests and shrieking. Toni Morrison, another of the celebrated Afro- American writer draws a like wise figure of a phantom in her novel â€Å"Beloved†. In whatever version the legend of Medea appear, it projects very effectively the apparent triumph of the male sex over female, whereas, it is the weaker sex that despise the yolk of her stronger counter part and sets themselves free in the ultimate analysis. Therefore, the story becomes one of betrayal, vengeance and triumph. It is the ultimate triumph of the weak over the strong that the story remains a favourite with the writers and readers alike especially by the women writers in patriarchal societies.

To what extent is the car club proposal an appropriate extension strategy for First Cars Plc

The main reason why First Cars Plc. should adopt this Car Club proposal is due to the current market position of the firm. The firm’s current market share (in the car rental market) is decreasing due to a leading budget airline offering car rental services to its passengers. The new proposal to target the ‘Car Club’ market would be very beneficial to First Cars as this market is experiencing rapid growth due to the ever rising costs of car ownership (predicted to rise by 20% in the period 2010-14). Early entrance to this market could present an excellent chance to accumulate market share within a market which currently does not have much competition, and with the 2012 Olympic Games just around the corner, this could not have come at a better time. Whereas the current car rental side of the company is losing market share, the Car Club market is predicted to do nothing but grow in size (110% in volume and 300% in value) in the period 2010-14, meaning that this decis ion could be the difference between a profitable & growing business, and a failing one. Another reason why First Cars Plc. should adopt this proposal is because of a grant from the Mayor of London. This  £1.5m grant is for the creation of car club bays within the inner-city area of London (the main area being considered for the scheme), and would potentially reduce the costs of setting up the infrastructure for the Car Club scheme to operate. This would have a great impact on the business as one of the main costs to this scheme would be adequate parking within the area. The fact that the grant is from the Mayor of London will also generate publicity for the company, which is always a good thing. Finally, this is suggested as a pilot scheme. In the unlikely event that this scheme does not prove successful, First Cars Plc. can always fall back on their existing services, although they will be in a large amount of debt. One reason against the plan is the financial implications for the firm. The training budget for the Car Club is  £400,000, over 10 times more that their current spend on training. The budget for marketing is three times the size, and the average staff salary is predicted to rise by around  £10,000. When considering these figures one has to question the feasibility of this scheme. This is a large outlay for a ‘pilot’ scheme and the company has ‘limited financial reserves’. This scheme would also fall within the ‘New Product Development’ area of Ansoff’s matrix, an area with a large amount of risk. The plan also suggests that management should operate in a decentralised manner. This means that instead of a couple of senior managers being responsible for the whole company, control is spread across a larger number of employees. This is a different method to their current centralised management style and means that the senior managers currently in control of the company would lose part their control of the business. As the company is new to this management style, it is quite risky. Poor decisions could be made by inexperienced staff and could lead to disaster. The case study also states that Amy is ‘keen to make a big impact within the business quickly’. Does this mean that she has rushed these plans in order to achieve this? Has she doctored the figures in order to progress the scheme forward and impress her superiors? This could mean that the business is moving into a new market based on data which is not even correct. Overall I do not think that First Cars Plc. should adopt the Car Club Proposal. The idea looked initially promising; an emerging market which is predicted to grow by 300% in value, with little competition at present. These suggestions are all around figures that Amy has put together however. Without the knowledge that Amy may be biased with her predictions, this would appear to be a very good proposal. However, the depth and accuracy of the plan is vital to ensure the success of the business and as this has been brought into question, I would have to say that I do not recommend that First Cars Plc. should progress any further with this proposal until at least this data has been checked and agreed by the directors.

Computers------Computer Production Essays - Computing, Free Essays

ComputersComputer Production Essays - Computing, Free Essays ComputersComputer Production The market for computer products is a multi-billion dollar business where one can find a perfect balance of technology and efficiency. The huge industrial market is lead by such names as IBM, Hewlett Packard, and Compaq. In the world today, computers are used for a variety of tasks and play a crucial role in the areas of academics and business. The steps that are taken to bring the computer from several small components to a desktop product are organization of the manufacturing facility, assembly of hardware, installation of software, and a test process. The production of a high quality product is important to computer buyers. The following discussion demonstrates steps large corporations take to make an efficient computer. Companies such as IBM and Apple computers are well known in the computer industry. These companies have several manufacturing facilities around the world where thousands of computers are built. Manufacturing factories, which typically range between 75,000 to 200,000 square feet() in size, produce approximately 14,000 systems weekly. Companies generally use 2 methods of computer assembly. One method involves complete unit assembly by one person, the other being group assembly where several people construct a single computer (the latter method is known as assembly line production). A factory employing the single unit assembly method produces about 40 to 60 computers a day (this number varies base on the complexity of the system being assembled). The assembly line method yields approximately 70 computers a day in the average factory. The assembly line method is the most efficient way to produce computes as individual workers become highly specialized in a specific task. In addition, the next person down the line can check the pervious persons work to check for errors. Additional inspection [, as used on assembly lines] tends to increase the computers quality(). The first step in manufacturing a computer is for the designer to consider a balance between economic need (customers price level) with computer power and practicality. Manufacturers try to make the best computer (in a given price range) for the lowest cost. Once a specific model is designed the company orders the high quality parts from their own component manufacturing divisions or outside suppliers. Inventory control is an important part of acquiring components as, to remain efficient, the company tries to avoid overstocking. Manufacturers take note of the consumer demand, on a daily basis to efficiently establish quantities for the production line. Top manufactures such as IBM and Apple buy computer components for their products based on availability, quality and priority of the configuration (). When assembling a computer, there are 8 to 10 major components installed including the processor speed chip, the motherboard, RAM (Random Access Memory), diskette drive, modem or network card, video card, hard drive, sound card, and CD-ROM. Before the components are placed into the computer, each part undergoes an extensive testing process called quality control (). Quality control ensures that faulty systems are not shipped. As an initial step, prior to the assembly process, an inspection of the outer case to ensure that there are no scratches or defects. The brand name and indicator labels are put onto the computer case at this time. Next the motherboard is installed and prepared for the processor chip. The chip (which is often a Pentium chip) is attached to the motherboard along with the RAM component. Once the chip and RAM are installed, the internal speakers and sound card are placed into the case. The hard drive, disk drive and CD-ROM drive are in snuggly attached to the computer chassis. All these components are then attached to the motherboard with cables so that they may communicate with each other. Power supply is then applied to the computer and other additional components such as the video card, and modem are added near a final stage of assembly. After all these components are installed to create the finished PC, the unit is thoroughly inspected to ensures that all the cables connections are i n place and all other defects are fixed. Inspectors also ensure that cables are in appropriate places so that they do not touch components. This is important as heat given off components, while operating can cause minor explosions. The CMOS

6 Things to Consider when Applying to Study in the U.S.

6 Things to Consider when Applying to Study in the U.S. 6 Things to Consider when Applying to Study in the U.S. The U.S. is the most popular destination for international students in the entire world. And why not? As well as a great higher education system, the U.S. is the home of freedom, equality and competitive eating (and we’re proud of all of them, for better or worse). God bless America! [Photo: Seattle Municipal Archives/wikimedia] But competition to study in the U.S. is high, so if you’re planning to apply, there are some things you’ll need to know about first. 1. Setting a Schedule Applying to study in the U.S. can be a lengthy process, so it’s vital to set aside time accordingly. It can help to create a timeline for each step in the application process, from initial research into courses right through to making travel arrangements for when you start your studies. 2. Admission Tests Most U.S. colleges use standardized admission tests, so you’ll need to check which tests are favored by the institution at which you’re planning to study. Common tests required for undergraduate students include the SAT, the TOEFL English proficiency test, and the American College Test (ACT). Make sure to prepare for the exam properly, too! 3. Soft Factors As well as test scores and academic qualifications, most American colleges look at â€Å"soft factors† when assessing an application. These include extracurricular activities, letters of recommendation, application essays and other relevant experience you might have. 4. The Common Application The Common Application (or Common App for short) is a standardized, online application used by more than 600 colleges. Using this can make the application process much simpler. 5. Finance Many U.S. colleges operate on a â€Å"need-aware† basis for international students. This is unlike the â€Å"need-blind† approach used for U.S. citizens (wherein a college will not consider ability to pay as part of an application and may offer financial aid to successful applicants). As an international student, you’ll need to check whether your college uses a â€Å"need-aware† or â€Å"need-blind† approach for applications. You may find the application process is quicker if you’re able to pay tuition fees yourself, without needing financial aid. Its funny how piles of cash can make things simpler. 6. Get In Touch! When picking a college, it’s a good idea to get in touch with their international student advisor to ask about the application process (every college is a little different). They should also be able to answer any questions you have about the institution at which they work.

Wrtie an executive summary based on Why It's So Hard to be Fair for Essay

Wrtie an executive summary based on Why It's So Hard to be Fair for your supervisor who is having trouble rallying his team - Essay Example ve the underlying reasons as to why employees are being laid off or if they do, time is not taken to allow for questions or even employees’ input on the matter. Firm B employees are further advanced good layoff packages as a sign of consolation. The employees of company B later file law suits claiming unlawful layoffs while none or just a few from firm A file similar suits (122-23). Firm B fund itself using a lot of resources in the lawsuits over and above the funds and benefits granted to the laid off workers. The difference in the above outcome was solely based on the approach taken to handle the situation and this is in regards to process fairness. This entails the manager treating the employees fairly and for the employees to feel that they have been treated as so. After the layoffs it was noted that for firm A the productivity increased for those who were left while in firm B it reduced. This therefore means that the employees who were left were affected by either in a positive manner or negatively. Those of firm A increased productivity because they believed that they had a responsibility toward enhancing organisational growth and felt that if they fail to work hard everyone stands to lose in one way or the other. In firm B workers felt that the laying off process was unjust as no much explanation was give and this reduced their morale a great deal (Brockner 123). As seen above time, resources and productivity was lost simply because the manager in firm B did not take time to be courteous enough to explain the issue at hand or even listen and discuss the situation with employees. The firm also ended up losing a great deal of money in the process. Employees need to feel in such situations their views are taken into consideration as well as their plight. This calls for the management to involve employees in decision making more so in areas that will affect their wellbeing. This scenario is also true with customers who need to feel that they have been

The necessity for ethical behavior in the management of projects Essay

The necessity for ethical behavior in the management of projects - Essay Example Moral philosophy or ethics concerns the defense and recommendation of the concepts of wrong or right behavior. The philosophy of ethics is divided into operational areas such as normative ethics, applied ethics and meta-ethics. Meta-ethics involves the reference and theoretical meaning of moral values, and the determination of their truth (Ashrafi, 2007). Normative ethics involves the practical means of establishing a moral plan of action, while applied ethics involves the achievement of moral outcomes in different situations with different ethical requirements. The characteristics of ethical behaviors are fairness, honesty, and equity in professional, interpersonal and research, scholarly and academic relationships. Ethical behaviors compliment the diversity, rights and dignity of individuals or people in the society. The standards upheld in enhancing the attributes of responsibility and honesty is ethical behaviors. These standards are applicable to all individuals regardless of th e facets of life, and the position held in commerce. The hallmark of ethical behavior is the application of these standards in situations that are inconvenient for their application (Long, & Spuma, 2005). Project management involves organizing, planning, managing, securing, controlling and leading resources towards the achievement of objectives and goals. Projects are provisional endeavors that have a defined starting and end points. They are mostly time and funding constrained. Projects are carried out to meet objectives and goals, characteristically for addition of value or for beneficial changes. Projects because of their temporary nature are in contrast to operations or businesses that are permanent and repetitive (Long, & Spuma, 2005). The management of projects is thus challenging and different and requires distinct management strategies and technical skills. The major challenge in project management is the achievement of the objectives

The Politics in Itself Can be a Major Force in Determining Growth and Essay

The Politics in Itself Can be a Major Force in Determining Growth and Development of a ountry - Essay Example On the other hand poor lack of political stability leads to the poor performance of the economy and may act as a significant variable in the collapse of the governmental structures and its functioning (Alesina et al, 1992, p.1). The paper centers on the discussion of the political environment with several policies as well as their implications with respect to two underdeveloped countries namely Vietnam and Bangladesh. An in depth analysis will be guiding the ways in the realization of the theme of the paper. The fundamental notion of the interdependence of politics and economic growth Theoretical underpinnings regarding the correlation of the politics and economic growth is highly based upon the uncertainty effects and that of the productive economic ideas and decisions, investments as well as that of production and labor supply. A high propensity of a change in the government is vehemently attached with the domain of uncertainty about the new policies of a new government with the ri sk adverse economic agents hesitating for adapting productive economic initiatives and finding good ventures in the abroad. Again for the foreign investments to infiltrate within the economy, the foreign political governments usually prefer economies with political stability which directs towards less uncertainty with the policies and property rights dynamics. There is presence of several literatures on the so called association. As for example, Alesina and Tabellini (1990), Tabellini and Alesina (1990), Cukierman, Edwards and Tabellini (1992), 6zler and Tabellini (1991) has developed several models where a government striving with uncertainty engages them in policies which yields sub optimal levels leading to the worsening of the economic condition of the state. These models all state share a common idea which states that outcome of the political instability generates economic inefficiencies. Within the vast domain of the stated model development, mainly within the works of Alesina and Tabellini (1989) examines the fact that effect of the political uncertainty is immensely adverse on the investment and capital injections within the economy. The probability of a governmental collapse with that of the development of a new government are highly prone towards the tax capital and productive activities signifying a substitution procedure of productive domestic investments in favor of consumption and capital flight, which in turn leads to a reduction of domestic production. There are several literatures developed on similar topic but the most relevant part in accordance with that of the elaboration in the subsequent segments has been discussed. Now the paper will plunge into the development of the hardcore mechanics which will reflect the theme of the paper with respect to Vietnam and Bangladesh. The following segment will be focusing on the case study of Vietnam and after that the case of Bangladesh will be considered (Alesina et al, 1992, pp. 3-4). Vietnam-Politic s and economic growth Background & reshuffling the power structure The country of Vietnam has gone through almost three decades of war. In the year 1945, the country declared independence from France which the French government did not recognize. As a consequence, a war broke out between Vietnam and France where France was defeated in the North Vietnam with the outbreak of a civil war. Now with the communal tensions being one of the predominant phenomenons at that time the Americans involved themselves in war with Vietnam, the

Produce Text Incorporating Three Patches On Professional Understanding Nursing Essay

Produce Text Incorporating Three Patches On Professional Understanding Nursing Essay The aim of this assessment is to produce a patch work text incorporating three patches on professional understanding. I am a second year Diagnostic Radiography student on a Inter professional programme working within the NHS. Radiography as a profession is very diverse and requires good communication among the inter-professional team. Diagnostic Radiography uses X-rays, Computerised Tomography (CT), Fluoroscopy, Nuclear Medicine, Ultra Sound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to generate images of bones and organs. Within this profession there are many aspects of ionising radiation that can be covered in one department; these aspects come under different modalities, many of which are mentioned above. The primary role of the radiographer is to diagnose injury or disease within the human body with the aid of these modalities using ionising radiation. As a professional body that is in control of Radiation exposure, there are regulations and guidelines I must adhere to. Such as the radiation protection legislation and the code of professional standards and conduct in accordance with the Society of Radiographers (SoR), who are the radiographers governing body. IRMER, The ionising radiation (medical exposure) regulations, lay down the basic measures for the, health protection of individuals against the dangers of ionising radiation in relation to medical exposure. This applies to anyone working with radiation within a medical environment and provides safe working surrounding s for both the radiographer and the patient. I am also bound to ten statements found within the code of conduct for radiography which exemplify the, principles of professionalism, professional responsibility and accountability. These codes and regulations are not only set in place to ensure good practice but to also protect the patient and provide excellent patie nt care. Professional Understanding Patch 1 It is on reflection of my profession and these conducts that I wish to evaluate my role and contribution to the inter-professional team with the Gibbs reflective framework 1988 being used as my guide for reflection (see appendix), as this cycle, encourages you to think systematically about the phases of an experience or activity,'(Gibbs 1988). Whilst working within the confinements of the NHS I have unfortunately stereotyped many of my colleagues and feel I do not appreciate the true meaning of collaborative practice An Interprofessional process for communication and decision making that enables the separate and shared knowledge and skills of care providers to synergistically influence the client/patient care provided, (Jones Way, 2000). As after all, we all share as professionals the priority to make the care of people our first concern, treating them as individuals and respecting their dignity, (NMC 2008) As I look back over my practical experience I can see that it was pure naivety mixed with focused ambition which caused me to initially stereotype my colleagues. I was so intent on progressing through my degree that my main focus was on what I was learning in relation to radiography, by means of what images I was producing and whether or not they where diagnostic. My focus was on insuring I wasnt missing any vital pathology or fractures and on learning more of the anatomy so I could truly understand what I was looking for and why. It was this original determination that diminished the bigger picture for me, as I was unable to see the impact that as a professional I was having not just on the patient but on how the patients treatment will be managed and by who. The fact that I had little to no interaction with paediatric or adult nurses also contributed to this problem, but this was my own fault as I ignored these chances when they arose as I felt they would inhibit my main priority. So unfortunately to me my colleagues where still labelled as either subservient, handmaidens of the physician (Pillitteri Ackerman, 1993) or the childish, plays all the time nurse as there was no interest or need on my behalf to change this erroneous view. Ironically it was these views that would inhibit my professional development as in order for me to progress in the way I desired and become the best professional I could be I needed to appreciate my colleagues and work together with, one or more members of the health care team who each make a unique contribution to achieving a common goal, (CNO 2008). It wasnt until professional issues arose on placement that I began to question why I had labelled my colleagues this way, my first thought was through slapstick comedy and the media, regardless of the reason I was sure these were labels I wanted removed. Through both practical experience and academic modules I was slowly able to gain more of an insight into the roles and responsibilities of both child and adult nurses and although there are obvious differences, the main being that I work with and administer radiation and they dont, I found I was writing more similarities. The Code of Conducts that each individual professional is bound by provides these similarities but its our personal views on each profession and our lack of understanding that causes the stereotypes. Through understanding my own codes of conduct, ten statements set by the Society of Radiographers (SoR) and by comparing those with the codes set forth by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) and the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH), the main similarity between the professions is clearly visible, as both documents publicly set out, the underpinning values and principles to promote, maintain and disseminate the highest standards of behaviour in order to enhance the good standing and reputation, (SoR 2004) of that profession and both also endorse the importance of working with others to, protect and promote the health and wellbeing of those in your care, (NMC). It became clear to me that although our individual professions dictate our role within the practical setting the codes and legislations we each adhere to entwine. As it is our collaboration with other health care professionals that promote and maintain patient centred practice, providing the patient with the right care at the highest quality. As an adult nurse provides care to support the recovery of patients, I as a radiographer diagnose disease and am responsible for the examination of patients using radiation. These differences help me to define myself as a professional, but it is through the collaboration with others that I am made more individual. As individuals we each have a specific role to play but as a collective our roles are so much more important, as we would not be able to fulfil our purpose of making the care of people our primary concern without the help of other professional bodies. 825 words Patch 2 Team work or team working can be defined as a certain number of people who have shared objectives at work and who cooperate, on a permanent or temporary basis, to achieve those objectives in a way that allows each individual to make a distinctive contribution, (CIPD 2010).This meant that traditional hierarchical forms were gradually replaced with employees that were expected to fulfil a variety of roles, now known as collaborative practice. Marc Alperstein and Amà ©lie Scalercio have constructed a piece of art, Collaborative Works, (see appendix) that I feel embodies this transition and highlights the individual issues that surround collaboration. The picture itself seems to document a conversation or argument that exists between two wills who are struggling to impose their presence or mark into an act. It is necessary that these works engage in collaborative practice to record the struggle that ensues in this dynamic exchange, one that could not exist if operating in solitude, (Art ist statement). The image almost mimics what occurs within the confines of a hospital environment, as it demonstrates that without Interprofessional working we would not be able to fulfil our collective role of good patient management and care. Making a difference, (DH 1999) suggests that effective care is the product of interagency working, where professionals work in collaboration to provide care which is designed to meet the needs of the patient. This concept was further promoted with the publication of The NHS Plan (DH 2000a) a ten year programme of reform practice. The NHS Plan (DH 2000a) aimed to create a service designed around patient needs, encouraging professionals to work together. Collaboration however, does not come without its constraints, as portrayed in the artist impression the two hands are tied together, illustrating the conflict shown by each individual profession as Interprofessional working is extremely challenging in the workplace, and is not an easy concept for healthcare professionals to adopt, (McWilliam et al 2003).Unfortunately this leads to a lower standard of care being delivered to patients within hospital environments, due to healthcare professionals misunderstanding the policies, education and research regarding Interprofessional working. This is owed to the, lack of support and training from managers, and the need for, managers to involve staff in changes within practice and that this involvement facilitates co-operation. (Deegan et al 2004). Co-operation is a major factor of a successful Interprofessional team as it not only benefits and improves the care that we provide to our patients but also enables the team itself to act efficiently by enabling professional benefits such as the, sharing of knowledge and the opportunities to experience areas of work outside ones own remit. (Barr 2004) The advantages are not only work related it is also suggested that professionals may have levels of improved job satisfaction and increased levels of confidence in dealing with difficult situations. We are all so focused on our individual job roles and on the polices and procedures that define us as a professional that we create our own conflict with an opposing profession as we try to prove ourselves, which is echoed in the picture. As each person holds one end of the tie, the tie representing the constraint we place upon ourselves and upon our professional identity, with each hand representative of how this constraint is self inflicted. After all this an image of two wills struggling to find their presence or mark in an act, as we at our place of work struggle to define our role within the patient pathway. However it is this conflict that diminishes the bigger picture as, as each hand is responsible for creating this conflict restraint; one hand can not break free of the bound without the collaboration of the other. This strongly relates back to practice as without the help and cooperation of another profession the patient like the hand would not be able to progress and conseq uently become free without Interprofessional collaboration. In order for us as professionals to provide care that is respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values and ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions (Institute of medicine PCC) we must work as Interprofessional team and, learn from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of care. (CAIPE 1997). There will always be a time that I as radiographer will need to cooperate with other members of the Interprofessional team, be it in surgery with consultants, anaesthetists and nurses or in the department with the radiologists, and it is this collaboration that will ensure that the patient is the focus point and that they will be managed and assessed as an individual with all pathways collectively working together, as opposed to two wills who are struggling to impose their presence or mark into an act. Words 798. Patch 3 Throughout this past year the main focus both practically and academically has been on collaborative practice, and how this has represented itself as a personal struggle to over come problems such as stereotyping colleagues, conflict issues and communication concerns. With the aid of the CPD module these issues that once clouded personal judgment faded and the real connotation of collaborative practice was revealed. Collaborative practice infers that people from different professional and academic backgrounds form a working relationship for the purpose of enhanced service provision. Although the real value of collaborative working is clear the move towards collaborative practice in Health and Social Care proved challenging, as it was essentially, the change from institutional to community-based care, (Barr et al, 1999). This meant that the, demarcations and hierarchical relations between professions were neither sustainable, (Sibbald, 2000) or appropriate and new ways of working that, crossed professional boundaries had to be created, in order to allow a more flexible approach to care delivery, (Malin et al, 2002). This transition became the cause of conflict within a now Interprofessional team and as a result stereotypes were formed and communication problems arouse. It seems that although this change was for the better, in providing a better standard of care for the patient, this focus was lost by the professionals whose duty this was. This is still very much an issue, where professionals are so centred on their individual position; they forget how much of a r ole they play in the Interprofessional team. The fact that collaborative practice has lacked a clear definition and instead has been linked with terms such as cooperation, coordination, participation and integration, has in some ways strengthened the issues that have prevented professionals from satisfying its purpose efficiently. It is also a relatively new field of practice, with the first major studies being undertaken in the 1980s, (Roy, 2001) however, since the implementation of the 1990 NHS and Community Care Act (Department of Health, 1990), the collaborative practice has featured prominently in government policy documents to promote, joint working, partnership and the creation of a seamless service between health and social care, (Maxwell, 1998; Payne, 1995). The importance of collaboration has always been emphasised practically and is also part of the academic pathway in the hope that the surrounding issues can be resolved before practitioners become professionals. Throughout the module the significance of collaboration with regards to person centred care became more important than the issues that encircled collaborative practice. It became increasingly essential to see the patient as equal partners in planning, developing and assessing care to make sure it is most appropriate for their needs and putting service users and their families at the heart of all decisions. In order to provide an excellent level of service each patient needs to be viewed as the individual they are, they can not be stereotyped by their age, sex, or symptoms. The main reason being that the way in which one patient is managed and treated would not work for another patient representing with the same symptoms, as his or her body could react differently to that treat ment, thus complicating the initial problem. It is the duty of any professional body to provide, care that respects the person as an individual and is arranged according to their needs, (DH 2008). However this care can not be administered without good communication from each professional that is responsible for the pathway of each individual service user. Communication is pivotal in a successful relationship be it between colleagues in the work place, students at university or family at home, it enables individuals to express themselves their concerns or relay important information to others. When this barrier is broken especially within the hospital sector each department become isolated and effectively treats the patient blind, as without communication from the nursing staff or the accident and emergency department a radiographer would not be aware of the symptoms a patient presents with and would therefore not be able to conduct an examination catered to that individuals needs. T he requirement for good communication enhances not only the professionals skills and ability to provide and excellent level of person centred care but enables a successful Interprofessional team to be consolidated, something that is also promoted academically. Interprofessional Learning can be defined as, Occasions when two or more professions learn with, from and about each other to improve collaboration and the quality of care, (CAIPE 2005). Interprofessional learning enables different health and social care workers and agencies to gain a greater appreciation of each others values, knowledge and abilities and facilitates the best use of their skills which underpins the reality of the complexity of healthcare. Single professions or individual professionals working in isolation do not have the expertise to respond adequately and effectively to the complexity of many service users needs, (CAIPE 2006). In order to ensure that care given is safe, seamless and of a high standard it is e ssential that individual professionals, respect the integrity and contribution of each profession, (CAIPE 2006) and communicate with them effectively, relaying all the appropriate medical history and continuing to work closely with each other to ensure the patient is managed correctly and efficiently. Good patient care stems from a well defined Interprofessional team that collaboratively work with each other, to overcome communication issues, conflict issues and the stereotyping of their colleagues. By doing this all the professionals involved are able to treat the patient as an individual and cater to their individual needs, making them a part of the process and involving them in the decisions made about them. This all bauds well for the successful running of the NHS and in turn successful patient management, each professional chooses to be apart of this system to improve the quality of life for each and every service user, but it is important to remember that this can not be achieved by individuals who become isolated form a team. Although it is important to be an individual, it is of greater importance to be individual that is a part of an Interprofessional team. Words 1014. References: Barr, H (2005) Interprofessional Education: Today, Yesterday and Tomorrow. Accessed on 30.08.10. Reviewed 2004. Available at: http://www.health.heacademy.ac.uk/publications/occasionalpaper/occp1revised.pdf CAIPE. Interprofessional learning. Accessed on 23.11.10. Reviewed 2010. Available at: http://www.caipe.org.uk CIPD 2010 Team working. What is team working? Accessed on 03.10.10. Reviewed on 01.01.10. Available at: http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/maneco/general/teamwork.htm. Collaborative works. Marc Alperstein and Amà ©lie Scalercio. Accessed on 16.08.10. Reviewed 2010. Available at: http://www.marcalperstein.com/collaboration Cooper, H., Braye, S,. and Geyer, R. ( 2004) Complexity and Interprofessional education. Learning in Health and Social Care 3 (4) pp 179-189. Accessed 02.02.10. DOH (2000a) A Health Service of all the Talents: Developing the NHS Workforce. DoH London. Accessed on 30.08.10. Reviewed 2010. Available at: www.dh.go.uk DOH (2000b) The NHS Plan: A Plan for Investment, A Plan for Reform. DoH London. Accessed on 30.08.10. Reviewed 2010. Available at: www.dh.gov.uk DOH (2001) Working Together Learning Together: a Framework for Lifelong Learning for the NHS. DoH London. Accessed on 30.08.10. Reviewed 2010. Available at: www.dh.gov.uk Framework for action on Interprofessional education and collaborative practice. Health professionals networks nursing and midwifery human resources for health. Publisher WHO the world health organisation. Reviewed 2010. Accessed 20.08.10 Freeth, D (2001) Sustaining Interprofessional collaboration. Journal of Interprofessional Care 15 pp 37-46. Accessed 02.09.10. Gibbs G (1988) Learning by Doing: A guide to teaching and learning methods. Further Education Unit. Oxford Polytechnic: Oxford 2009. Accessed on 20.08.10. Reviewed 2009. Available at: http://www.brookes.ac.uk/services/upgrade/a-z/reflective_gibbs.html Glen, S and Reeves, S. (2004) Developing Interprofessional education in the pre-registration curricula: mission impossible? Nurse Education in Practice 4 pp 45-52. Accessed 05.09.10 Gordon F, Walsh C, Marshall M, Wilson F, Hunt T (2004). Developing Interprofessional capability in students of health and social care the role of practice-based learning. Journal of Integrated Care 12 (4) pp 12-18. Accessed 05.09.10 Interprofessional Collaboration among health colleges and professions. College of nurses Ontario (CNO). Accessed on 22.08.10. Reviewed May 2008. Available at: http://www.hprac.org Interprofessional learning. Practice based learning. Accessed n 25.11.10. Reviewed 04.09.08. Available at: http://www.practicebasedlearning.org/resources/ipl/intro.htm Interprofessional learning and caring for needs. London: South Bank University. Whitehead, D. (2001) Applying collaborative practice to health promotion. Nursing Standard. 15(20) pp33-37. Accessed 15.11.10 Jones and Way 2000 collaborative practice. Collaborative practice. Support the development of improved collaboration in healthcare. South eastern Interprofessional Collaborative Learning Environment (SEIPCLE). Queens University. Accessed 20.08.10. Reviewed no date. Available at: http://www.rehab.queensu.ca/uploads/clined/CollaborativePracticeModule.pdf Patient centred care. Why patient centred care? Accessed on 21.08.10. Reviewed 2008. Available at: http://www.patientcenteredcare.net/. Patient centred care policies (2008). Accessed on 21.11.10. Reviewed 2010. Available at: www.dh.gov.uk. Person centred care. The health foundation . Accessed on 20.11.10. Reviewed 2010. Available at: http://www.health.org.uk Person Centred Care (2006). Accessed on 21.11.10. Reviewed 2010. Available at: www.cmg.org.uk. RCPHC. Royal college of paediatrics and child health. Codes of Conduct. Accessed 23.08.10. Reviewed no date. Available at: http://www.rcpch.ac.uk. SoR statements of conduct Radiography. Statements for Professional Conduct. The college of radiographers. Accessed 22.08.10. Reviewed September 2004. Available at: www.sor.org Appendix 1 Gibbs reflective cycle 1988 http://www.deakin.edu.au/itl/pd/tl-modules/teaching-approach/group-assignments/images/reflective-practice.gif

The Secret to Happiness :: Happiness Essays

There is an ever-growing problem with our world; unhappiness. Unhappiness has plagued everyone at a time or two, sometimes even more. Because of this our world is suffering enormously: shootings, hate crimes, and wars are a few results of this widespread unhappiness. One might say there is no hope for our world, but there is. To end this unhappiness everyone should eat Skittles, own a goldfish, and get plenty of sunshine. One may ask, what can Skittles do? When the question should be what can not Skittles do? Not only can Skittles make you happy, they could end world hunger. But the focus right now is on ending unhappiness. Skittles, (by the author’s own scientific research) can and will make anyone 79% happier. So the next time someone is stressed out at work, fighting with their spouse, have no house, or lost their favorite shirt, don’t worry, just eat Skittles! Imagine how much happier the world would be, if instead of getting sad or upset, everyone ate Skittles and therefore made them happy. In the case of goldfish, here are some reasons why goldfish can end the world’s unhappiness. Owning a pet will lengthen your life. People who have the responsibility of the care of an animal can have lower blood p-pressure and fewer diseases. Goldfish make excellent pets because they are easy to care for, interesting and friendly, and won’t talk back. What more proof does one need? Imagine if everyone could have lower blood pressure, fewer diseases, and a friend who will keep every secret! Well, everyone can, if they buy goldfish. These animals, when cared for correctly, and with the frequent consumption of Skittles, can make the world happy again. Now, the last way to make everyone happy, is by making sure the world gets plenty of sunshine. Sunshine is vital in the life of human beings. It is recommended for everyone to get at least fifteen minutes of sunshine a day. Since sunshine is a required bodily function, there is no excuse for not getting any. Not only is it required, but sunshine is the best reason to be outside. One can go swimming, on a picnic, or eat Skittles in the sunshine.

Capetian Kings of France

What factors promoted the authority of the Capetian Kings of France in the Twelfth century? France in the eleventh century had been a fragmented land, divided into federal principalities, or mini-states ruled by princes or dukes. Though they recognized the King of France’s authority they did not expect him to exercise it in their individual territories. Feudalism increased the power of these mini-states in the twelfth century, and was the tool used by the Capetian Kings of France to advance their influence and wealth.Why and how the Capetian dynasty sought to establish and then successfully utilize this particular system will be the main focus of my essay. Feudal law was the customs and relations between lord and vassal in regards to the most valuable medieval commodity; land. Under the ‘oath of fealty’ the lord protected the vassal and gave him land to hold in return for produce, labour services, or military services. The feudal lord could acquire a substantial s um of money if his vassal’s son wished to retain his deceased father’s fiefdom.The potential heir would pay a ‘relief’ to the lord to secure his succession. Other advantages in the feudal arrangement were in cases of the land reverting entirely back to the lord if its vassal died without any successors. The benefits of a feudal society were significant in terms of power and profit for a feudal lord. Therefore, a King who was also feudal lord of his kingdom would hold a strong position of authority. King Louis VI (the fat) sought to establish himself as a feudal monarch, perhaps to regain some of the distinction that had been enjoyed by his predecessor, Charlemagne.Louis VI’s reign was from 1108 – 1137 AD, during which time he sought to consolidate his power as a feudal lord in his demesne. The Capetian King would then have established a base from which to further expand his royal authority in the Kingdom of France. Louis VI felt that he shoul d protect the lands of his vassals well and not appear to be seizing them for himself. It appears that he hoped this would establish a mutual confidence between lord and vassal and would be a great incentive for other subjects in the kingdom to become his vassals voluntarily. Ceaseless vigilance† was required by the king to assert his royal power and prevent its loss if it was not exercised. Louis VI therefore spent a great deal of his reign travelling from one end of his demesne to the other, quashing petty disputes with vassals and granting permission for festivals and markets. All this was in pursuit of respect for his feudal authority, which he painstakingly achieved. Consequently, the respect of other nobles in the kingdom for Louis increased and with his authority.Evidence of the King’s increased power can be seen in the invasion of France by Emperor Henry V in 1124. Nobles from all over the territory obeyed Louis VI’s summons to stand against the Emperor e . g. those from Soissons, St Denise, the Count of Flanders, the Count of Anjou, and the Duke of Aquitaine. Louis’s grandson, Philip II ‘Augustus’ would continue this practice of exercising royal control over his demesne. Philip invested a great deal in drawing up thorough and precise agreements with vassals old and new.By the time Philip II ‘Augustus’ was in power, the territory under Capetian control had grown significantly. This was due in part to the labours first carried out by Louis VI in first consolidating the royal demesne before enlarging it. Both kings knew the value in treating their subjects justly, as dishonesty or greed was sure to provoke a feudal rebellion and destroy any possibility of a feudal monarch. The relationship between the crown and the church also played a part in promoting Capetian authority. The church lent support to the king in return for protection.The idea of a feudal monarch in Latin Christendom appealed to the clerg y who favoured order and obedience which would allow ‘Christian life’ to flourish. The church even supported the claim that the king possessed a healing touch which he passes on to his son. This claim gave rise to the notion that the position of king was ordained by God and should be accepted as his will. This made way for another advance in solidifying royal power by helping to make the crown hereditary. The king’s son was permitted to be crowned during his father’s lifetime in order to preserve the healing touch.The church gave the monarch a higher degree of moral credibility and in return the church gained more prestige. One therefore increased the standing of the other in medieval France. Louis VI’s chief minister and ecclesiastical advisor was Abbot Suger of St Denise. He held his prestigious office from 1122 to his death in 1155, during which time he recorded a history of his king, The Life of Louis the Fat. As a result of this great power he held in France, he was very much involved in French politics and â€Å"virtually ran the Kingdom while King Louis VI was away on crusade. This aspect of Suger’s career would explain his proximity and involvement in the monarch’s progress in gaining a more prominent role in European affairs, and as a result of this proximity, why he was in a position to chronicle Louis’s life. He seems to play a significant role in promoting Capetian authority in how he portrays Louis as a most pious and worthy king to serve under. He states in the introduction of his biography that â€Å"with my pen I describe his devotion to the church's worship of God† and implores his contemporaries and readers not to forget Louis VI’s â€Å"marvellous zeal for the good of the kingdom. Perhaps Suger may be slightly guilty of exaggerating Louis’s piety in an effort to promote his image as a moral leader and help consolidate his power. The enlargement of the royal demesne was the essential aim of the king and his advisor and Suger’s account seems to support this view. Suger may have also wanted to record the events in the life of Louis VI that involved the French Church in order to emphasise the strong bond between the crown and the clergy. The King was forced to move against Thomas de Marle who was claiming land unlawfully.True to form, Louis acts quickly to prevent loss of royal authority by handling the matter personally. Suger reports that the clergy move with him [the King] to excommunicate de Marle and strip him of all honours for his crimes. This is described by The Abbot as â€Å"yielding to the prayers of the great council†, to whom Louis VI â€Å"was always very strongly attached. † The Cathedral Basilica of Saint Denis was also known as the Royal Abbey of France as many Kings had been educated and buried there. The old abbey church of St.Denis was partially dilapidated by the early twelfth century, having been built i n the late eighth century by Charlemagne, and required renovation as an important symbol of French Capetian royal power. Suger was overseer of the rebuilding of the abbey. Though Suger’s involvement in its reconstruction was of more religious significance, the project was nevertheless just as much a political and architectural an event. The new building marked the beginning of Gothic architecture which would spread with the expansion of the House of Capet’s royal demesne as they came closer to becoming a feudal monarch.The family’s connection to Charlemagne also increased the perception of their glory and power. Their glorified ascendancy was highlighted by the restoration of the Cathedral the great emperor had first commissioned. The church aided the promoting of royal authority throughout the twelfth century as more vassals and land came under Capetian control. After establishing him-self as a respected feudal lord within the kingdom, Louis VI’s court b ecame the place other lords turned to settle their disputes.This was an automatic assertion of Louis’s power in the kingdom. The nobles’ â€Å"submission to [Louis’s court’s] judgement necessitated the recognition of the King as one’s feudal lord. † Advantageous marriage was also a method employed to acquire territory for the crown and increase its power. Though it was not always a successful method, it is evidence that alliances with the Capetian house were not undesirable by rulers of the other mini-states. It also suggests that the consolidation of power into a feudal monarchy was not widely resisted.In 1137 Louis VI married his son, Louis VII to the daughter of the Duke of Aquitaine and thus acquired the extensive territory in western France through marital bonds. However, Aquitaine was lost to Henry II of England when Louis VII’s marriage fell apart. Philip II was slightly more successful than his father in regards to political m arriage. He wished to marry the daughter of Canute VI of Denmark, Isabella of Hainault, in 1193, in the hopes that the alliance would give him the man power he needed to remove the English from the Kingdom of France. He was unsuccessful in this endeavour.He soon wished to have the marriage annulled but it was not permitted by Pope Innocent III. Philip obtained the district of Artois through this marriage. This acquisition marked the beginning of the northern expansion of the royal territory. Philip II soon found himself in a position to continue expanding north by claiming various districts of inheritance. These included Amiens in 1185 and St Quentin in the beginning of the thirteenth century. The continual expansion of the royal demesne to the north was not just to acquire land but to acquire particular land in the district of Flanders.Flanders would be a significant gain to a potential feudal monarch as it was one of the wealthiest parts of northern Europe. Its cities would dispen se a considerable amount of money into the pockets of its feudal lord. The growing willingness of French nobles to submit to the Capetian kings throughout the twelfth century indicates that the idea of a feudal monarchy was neither unpopular nor unwanted. Louis VI’s demesne was seen as a prime example of order and a strong body, capable of wielding power over the rest of France and other European empires.Louis VI proved his worthiness to govern France as both king and feudal overlord. Philip II ‘Augustus’ built on his grandfather’s reputation and had accumulated a considerable amount of land and prestige for the crown by the beginning of the thirteenth century. The church also aided Capetian propaganda by emphasising the dynasty’s most prestigious member, Charlemagne. The restoration of the Cathedral Basilica of Saint Denis was symbolic of the Capetian celebrity that would have been well known in France. Suger and Louis VI the fat sought to utilize the connection for the advancement of Capetian power.This suggests that the monarch and the clergy were quite intertwined in the political events of France in the twelfth century, each shaping the power and the role of the other in the Kingdom’s progression of authority in Europe. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Marc Bloch, Fuedal Society, Volume 1,. (English translation, 1962) p. 60 [ 2 ]. R. H. C Davis, A History of Medieval Europe from Constantine to Saint Louis, (London, 1957) p. 327 [ 3 ]. Ibid. [ 4 ]. Ibid. P 329 [ 5 ]. Fordham University (http://www. fordham. edu/halsall/sbook1m. sp) [accessed 29 October 2011] [ 6 ]. Davis, A History of Medieval Europe, p. 325 [ 7 ]. Jean Dunbabin, France in the Making (London, 1983) p. 256 [ 8 ]. Davis, A History of Medieval Europe, p 325 [ 9 ]. Paul Halsall, Medieval Sourcebook:  Abbot Suger: On What Was Done In His Administration (New Y ork, 1996) p. 2 [ 10 ]. Halsall, Medieval Sourcebook:  Abbot Suger (New York, 1996) p. 2 [ 11 ]. Abbot Suger, The Life of Louis the Fat, (translated Paul Halsall) (New York, 1999) p. 1 [ 12 ]. Ibid. [ 13 ]. Suger, The Life of Louis the Fat, (trans.Paul Halsall) (New York, 1999) [ 14 ]. Halsall, Medieval Sourcebook:  Abbot Suger, p. 2 [ 15 ]. Davis, A History of Medieval Europe, p. 341 [ 16 ]. Ibid. p. 333 [ 17 ]. Davis, A History of Medieval Europe, p 339 [ 18 ]. C. N. L Brooke, Europe in the central Middle Ages, 962-1154, (Essex, 1987) p. 266 [ 19 ]. Davis, A History of Medieval Europe, p 339 [ 20 ]. Fordham University (http://www. fordham. edu/halsall/sbook1m. asp) [accessed 29 October 2011] [ 21 ]. R. W Sothern, The Making of the Middle Ages, (London, 1953; latest edn London 1993) p. 151